Desafíos y oportunidades de las PYMES tras el impacto del COVID-19: Estudio de estrategias y medidas a implementar

Blanca Hortencia Morales-Vázquez; Daniel González-Olivares; Rebeca Muñoz-Velázquez

doi:10.29105/vtga10.4-923

Authors

Blanca Hortencia Morales-Vázquez Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-2179
Daniel González-Olivares Tecnológico de Monterrey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-9334
Rebeca Muñoz-Velázquez Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-323X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/vtga10.4-923

Keywords:

SMEs, resilience, innovation, digitalization, management

Abstract

In the post-Covid-19 environment, SMEs in Mexico face significant challenges such as slow economic recovery, changes in consumer behavior, digital competition and adaptation to the new normal. Strategies and support are required to ensure the survival and growth of SMEs, which is why a diagnostic manual is proposed to evaluate their adaptation and take advantage of opportunities in the post-Covid-19 environment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Daniel González-Olivares, Tecnológico de Monterrey

Certified Public Accountant and Auditor with a Master's Degree in Administration from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Currently a PhD student in Financial Sciences at EGADE Business School del Tec de Monterrey, he also holds a PhD in Accounting from the University of Texas at San Antonio.

His professional experience includes extensive experience in the Accounting and Financial Area, having held positions as Financial Analyst, Accountant, Controller and Finance and Accounting Coordinator at Volkswagen de México. He held the position of Vice President of Finance and Controlling at Eisenmann México. He is currently Director of the Accounting and Finance Program at Tec Campus Puebla.

Additionally, he is a Teaching Partner of the College of Public Accountants of the State of Puebla and a member of the Financial Information Standards Commission. Member of the American Accounting Association and member of the European Accounting Association.

Rebeca Muñoz-Velázquez , Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla

Bachelor's Degree in Public Accounting and Auditing

Master's Degree in Administration

Doctorate in Teaching Excellence

PRODEP Profile

Member of the BUAP Researchers Registry

Academic Certified by the National Association of Faculties and Schools of Accounting and Administration (ANFECA)

Member of the BUAP Academic Body CA 114 Institutional Development with CONSOLIDATED degree recognized by SEP

Full-time Professor-Researcher at the BUAP Faculty of Public Accounting, teaches undergraduate and graduate courses, and has also been Coordinator of Entrepreneurs and Secretary of Research and Graduate Studies at the same Faculty

Coordinates the subject of Costing for Decision Making

Has directed and co-directed master's theses

Author of several articles in refereed and indexed journals, as well as book chapters

Has been a speaker at national and international conferences

At the Faculty of Public Accounting, she has been a member of the Academic Unit Council and is currently a University Councilor

Managing Partner of the firm Muñoz Velázquez S.C. Business Consultants

References

Ali, M. H., Suleiman, N., Khalid, N., Tan, K. H., Tseng, M. L., & Kumar, M. (2021). Supply chain resilience reactive strategies for food SMEs in coping to Covid-19 crisis. Trends in food science & technology, 109, 94-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.021

Asociación Mexicana de Venta Online (AMVO) (2023), Ventas en línea 2023. Sitio web:https://www.amvo.org.mx/estudios/estudio-sobre-venta-online-en-mexico-2021/

Bejarano, H., Hancevic, P., & Núñez, H. M. (2021). Impacto económico del Covid-19 en negocios pequeños y medianos bajo restricciones voluntarias e impuestas. EconoQuantum, 18(2), 23-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18381/eq.v18i2.7229

Carmona-Serrano, M., Ortiz-Guzmán, A., y Marín-Ibarra, R. (2023). Florescimiento de Emprendimentos en pandemia Covid19. Vinculatégica EFAN, 9(1), 203-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29105/vtga9.1-302

Chatterjee, S., Chaudhuri, R., Shah, M., & Maheshwari, P. (2022). Big data driven innovation for sustaining SME supply chain operation in post Covid-19 scenario: Moderating role of SME technology leadership. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 168, 108058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108058

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), (2023) Perspectivas del Comercio Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe 2023 (LC/PUB.2023/16-P).

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) (2020), Universalizar el acceso a las tecnologías digitales para enfrentar los efectos del Covid-19. Sitio web: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/45938/4/S2000550_es.pdf.

Contreras Ávila, A., López Noriega, M. D., y Zalthen Hernández, L. (2023). Escala para medir las capacidades resilientes en las pymes mexicanas. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(102), 872-887. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.102.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.102.26

da Paixão de Oliveira, W., Neves Guimarães, M. R., & Azevedo Ramos da Silva, J. E. (2023). Ecosystems, strategy, and resilience: Four empirical cases in the Covid-19 crisis. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2023.101734

Diario Oficial de la Federación (2020) Decreto por el que se otorgan estímulos fiscales para incentivar el uso de medios de pago electrónicos. Sitio web: https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5604412&fecha=06/11/2020#gsc.tab=0

Erdiaw-Kwasie, M. O., Abunyewah, M., Yusif, S., & Arhin, P. (2023). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a pandemic: A systematic review of pandemic risk impacts, coping strategies and resilience. Heliyon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20352

Gamage, A., Pyke, J., & de Lacy, T. (2023). Building resilience and sustainable HRM in the visitor economy: An uneasy relationship. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.05.006

Gobierno de Mexico (2023) Acciones y programas. Sitio web: https://www.gob.mx/bienestar/acciones-y-programas

Gobierno de México (2022) El papel de las MIpymes en el e commerce en México Sitio web: https://mipymes.economia.gob.mx/2022/02/17/el-papel-de-las-mipymes-en-el-e-commerce-en-mexico/

González-Arellano, L. A., & Acosta-Gonzaga, E. (2021). Capacidades Dinámicas de Gestión de los gerentes de las pymes en la adopción del comercio electrónico nacional y transfronterizo. Nova Scientia, 13(27), 1–32. https://doi.bibliotecabuap.elogim.com/10.21640/ns.v13i27.2770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v13i27.2770

González-Serrano, M. H., Dos Santos, M. A., Sendra-Garcia, J., & Calabuig, F. (2023). Sports entrepreneurship during Covid-19: Technology as an ally to maintain the competitiveness of small businesses. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122256

González-Trejo, E. S., Martínez-Valdez, R. I., y Catache-Mendoza, M. C. (2024). Resiliencia Organizacional, recuperación para la fuerza laboral post Covid-19: bienestar físico y psicológico en empresas de giros de manufactura y comercial. Vinculatégica EFAN, 10(1), 120-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29105/vtga10.1-466

Grupo Financiero BBVA México, S.A. de C.V. (2024) ¿Qué son las pymes en México? Sitio web: https://www.bbva.mx/educacion-financiera/creditos/que-son-las-pymes-en-mexico.html

Guardado López, S. C., Martínez Flores, J. & Tapia Torres, D. E. (2020). Covid-19 en México: repercusiones y retos del factor humano, financiero y fiscal. Ciencia, Economía y Negocios, 4(2), 5-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22206/ceyn.2020.v4i2.pp5-32

Hossain, M. R., Akhter, F., & Sultana, M. M. (2022). SMEs in covid-19 crisis and combating strategies: a systematic literature review (SLR) and A case from emerging economy. Operations research perspectives, 9, 100222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orp.2022.100222

Huang, Y. F., Lin, H. C., & Lee, H. M. (2023). Innovation in manufacturing SMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic: How does environmental dynamism reinforce employee proactive behavior?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122247

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) (2023) Indicadores de Ocupación y Empleo. INEGI. Sitio web: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2023/enoen/enoen2023_07.pdf

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) (2020) Estimación oportuna del PIB trimestral. INEGI. Sitio web: https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pibo/#Informacion_general.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) (2021). Encuesta sobre el Impacto Económico Generado por Covid-19 en las Empresas (ECovid-IE) 2021.

Khalil, A., Abdelli, M. E. A., & Mogaji, E. (2022). Do digital technologies influence the relationship between the Covid-19 crisis and SMEs’ resilience in developing countries?.Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020100

Lara Félix, J. H., & Cervantes, F. J. (2022). Identificación de ventajas competitivas para las pymes mexicanas en los mercados emergentes: resultados de un estudio bibliométrico. The Anáhuac journal, 22(1), 36-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36105/theanahuacjour.2022v22n1.02

Lashitew, A. A. (2023). When businesses go digital: The role of CEO attributes in technology adoption and utilization during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122324

Lee, J. Y., Yang, Y. S., Ghauri, P. N., & Park, B. I. (2022). The impact of social media and digital platforms experience on SME international orientation: The moderating role of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of International Management, 28(4), 100950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100950

Li, L., Wang, Z., Ye, F., Chen, L., & Zhan, Y. (2022). Digital technology deployment and firm resilience: Evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic. Industrial Marketing Management, 105, 190-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.06.002

Luna, I. S., Pizano, J. C., & Contreras, D. A. (2022). Crisis de la cadena de suministro y su impacto en la productividad de minoristas mexicanos. Repositorio de la Red Internacional de Investigadores en Competitividad, 16(16), 603-623.

Magaña Pérez, E. L., Silva Hernández, F. & Martínez Prats, G. (2021). Impacto Del Covid-19 Al Comercio En México. Publicaciones e Investigación, 15(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/25394088.5563

McKinsey (2020). How Covid-19 is changing consumer behavior –now and forever. McKinsey & Company. Sitio web: https://www.mckinsey.com

Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2021) Observatorio de la OIT: La Covid 19 y el mundo del trabajo. Séptima edición Estimaciones actualizadas y análisis.

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) (2020) Covid-19 y el sector minorista: impacto y respuestas políticas.

Payments and Commerce Market Intelligence (PCMI) (2024) E-Commerce Data Portrait of Latin America. Recuperado de: https://paymentscmi.com/e-commerce-data-portrait-latin-america/?utm_source=Website&utm_medium=AMI+site

Ríos Sierra, J. (2020). La inexistente respuesta regional a la Covid-19 en América Latina. Sitio web: https://doi.org/10.5209/geop.69324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/geop.69324

Ruiz Ramírez, H. (2021). El impacto de covid-19 en las empresas de México. Revista Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana, (Vol 19, Nº 4, pp. 79-95, abril-junio 2021). En línea: https://doi.org/10.51896/oel/MTTA8939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51896/oel/MTTA8939

Saavedra Leyva, R. E., Martínez Sidón, G., & Osorio Novela, G. (2022). Resiliencia del emprendimiento en México. Los casos de las crisis económicas del Covid-19 y subprime. Estudios Gerenciales, 38(165), 507-518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2022.165.5338

Sahi, G. K., Modi, P., & Mantok, S. (2023). New product innovations in times of crisis: How did women entrepreneurs survive the Covid-19 crisis?. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 19-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.004

Santillán Luna, I., Ceja Pizano, J. & Aguirre Contreras, D. (2022). Crisis de la cadena de suministro y su impacto en la productividad de minoristas mexicanos. Repositorio de la Red Internacional de Investigadores en Competitividad, 16(16), 603-623.

Santolin, R. B., Hameed, H. B., Urbinati, A., & Lazzarotti, V. (2023). Exploiting circular economy enablers for SMEs to advance towards a more sustainable development: An empirical study in the post Covid-19 era. Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances, 19, 200164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcradv.2023.200164

Santos, S. C., Liguori, E. W., & Garvey, E. (2023). How digitalization reinvented entrepreneurial resilience during Covid-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122398

Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP) (2021) Impacto de la pandemia de covid-19 en el mercado laboral mexicano y en el SAR.

Sitio web: https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ecovidie/

Valenzuela, M. E. y Reinecke, G. (2021) Impacto de la Covid-19 en cadenas mundiales de suministro en América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay. Sitio web: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/ wcms_771742.pdf

Wang, Z., & Le, T. T. (2022). The Covid-19 pandemic’s effects on SMEs and travel agencies: The critical role of corporate social responsibility. Economic Analysis and Policy, 76, 46-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.07.008

Weller, J., Gómez Contreras, M., Martin Caballero, A., & Ravest Tropa, J. (2020). El impacto de la crisis sanitaria del Covid-19 en los mercados laborales latinoamericanos. CEPAL.

Yao, Z., & Liu, Y. (2023). How Covid-19 impacts the financing in SMEs: Evidence from private firms. Economic Analysis and Policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.036